Introduction:
New Zealand’s architectural landscape has, like all countries globally, evolved significantly over time, and roofing has played a crucial role in shaping the durability, functionality, and aesthetics of our homes. From early Māori dwellings to the dominance of modern long-run metal roofing, the materials and methods used have been influenced by local resources, imported technologies, and the ever-changing climate.
Māori Whare: The Origins of Roofing in Aotearoa
Before European settlement, Māori constructed whare (houses) using natural materials. Roofs were typically steeply pitched and thatched with raupō (bulrush), harakeke (flax), or toetoe (grasses), offering insulation and rain resistance. While effective in milder conditions, these materials required regular maintenance and were less suited for harsher climates. Warranties for roofing products? Probably hard to come by at this stage.
European Influence: Timber Shingles and Corrugated Iron
With the arrival of European settlers in the 19th century, traditional roofing methods changed dramatically. The early settlers used locally milled wooden shingles, which, while effective, were prone to decay in New Zealand’s wet climate.
By the late 1800s, the introduction of corrugated iron revolutionized roofing. Imported from Britain, corrugated iron was lightweight, durable, and easy to transport—making it ideal for New Zealand’s remote and rugged terrain. It quickly became the material of choice for everything from homes and farm buildings to industrial structures. Manufacturing had yet to become prevalent in New Zealand and importing lightweight iron instead of other common roofing products such as slate was far more efficient.
The Shift from Short-Run to Long-Run Corrugated Roofing
Initially, short-run corrugated iron sheets were used, meaning roofs were constructed with multiple overlapping sheets, creating numerous seams. These joins became weak points where water could seep through, requiring careful maintenance and sealing.
By the mid-20th century, the roofing industry saw a major advancement with the introduction of long-run corrugated roofing. Unlike short-run sheets, long-run roofing was manufactured in custom lengths to cover the full span of a roof, reducing the number of joins and dramatically improving weather resistance. This innovation:
- Enhanced Durability: Long-run corrugated roofing materials are designed to withstand harsh weather conditions, providing greater protection against leaks and water damage.
- Improved Installation Efficiency: By reducing the number of joins required, installation becomes quicker and more straightforward, leading to lower labor costs and faster project completion.
- Minimized Material Waste: Custom lengths ensure that the roofing is cut to size, resulting in less excess material and reduced waste during installation.
- Better Aesthetic Appeal: With fewer seams visible, long-run roofing offers a cleaner, more streamlined appearance that can enhance the overall look of a building.
These advantages made long-run corrugated roofing a popular choice for both residential and commercial applications, contributing to its widespread use in New Zealand today
The Mid-20th Century: The Rise of Concrete and Tiles
As construction methods modernized, concrete tiles and pressed metal tiles emerged as alternatives to corrugated iron. Concrete tiles, introduced in the early 20th century, were fire-resistant and offered a different aesthetic appeal. Meanwhile, companies like AHI Roofing (now known as Gerard Roofing) pioneered pressed metal tiles, a lightweight yet strong option that replicated the look of traditional tiles.
At the same time, asphalt shingles—widely used in North America—began appearing in New Zealand but never gained widespread popularity due to their shorter lifespan in the local climate.
Modern Roofing: Steel, Coated Steel Systems, and Sustainability
Today, long-run steel roofing has become the standard across New Zealand, offering improved strength, longevity, and energy efficiency. Innovations in coated steel roofing provide better resistance against New Zealand’s harsh, coastal proximity, UV exposure, high winds, and heavy rainfall.
With sustainability now a major focus, modern roofing materials emphasize better insulation, energy efficiency, and recyclability. Green roofs, solar panel integration, and rainwater collection systems are also growing in popularity, reflecting the shift toward more environmentally conscious building practices.
Conclusion
From traditional thatched Māori whare to the dominance of corrugated iron and the innovation of long-run steel roofing, New Zealand’s roofing history reflects its adaptation to climate, technology, and lifestyle needs. While traditional materials still hold cultural and historical significance, modern advancements continue to shape the way we protect our homes for future generations.